| General information | | DisProt: | DP00724 | | Name: | DELLA protein GAI | | Synonym(s): | GAI_ARATH
GRAS family protein 3
Gibberellic acid-insensitive mutant protein
Restoration of growth on ammonia protein 2
AtGRAS-3
| | First appeared in release: | Release 6.00 (07/01/2012) | | UniProt: | Q9LQT8 | | UniGene: | | | SwissProt: | GAI_ARATH | | TrEMBL: | | | NCBI (GI): | | | Source organism: | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | | Sequence length: | 533 | | Percent disordered: | 19% | | Homologues: | |
| Native sequence |
10 20 30 40 50 60
| | | | | |
MKRDHHHHHH QDKKTMMMNE EDDGNGMDEL LAVLGYKVRS SEMADVAQKL EQLEVMMSNV - 60
QEDDLSQLAT ETVHYNPAEL YTWLDSMLTD LNPPSSNAEY DLKAIPGDAI LNQFAIDSAS - 120
SSNQGGGGDT YTTNKRLKCS NGVVETTTAT AESTRHVVLV DSQENGVRLV HALLACAEAV - 180
QKENLTVAEA LVKQIGFLAV SQIGAMRKVA TYFAEALARR IYRLSPSQSP IDHSLSDTLQ - 240
MHFYETCPYL KFAHFTANQA ILEAFQGKKR VHVIDFSMSQ GLQWPALMQA LALRPGGPPV - 300
FRLTGIGPPA PDNFDYLHEV GCKLAHLAEA IHVEFEYRGF VANTLADLDA SMLELRPSEI - 360
ESVAVNSVFE LHKLLGRPGA IDKVLGVVNQ IKPEIFTVVE QESNHNSPIF LDRFTESLHY - 420
YSTLFDSLEG VPSGQDKVMS EVYLGKQICN VVACDGPDRV ERHETLSQWR NRFGSAGFAA - 480
AHIGSNAFKQ ASMLLALFNG GEGYRVEESD GCLMLGWHTR PLIATSAWKL STN
|
| Functional narrative |
Function: Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene.
SUBUNIT: Interacts directly with the GID2/SLY1 component of the SCF(GID2) complex. Interacts (via N-terminus) with GID1A, GID1B and GID1B (via N-terminus). Q9MAA7:GID1A; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-963606, EBI-963597; Q9LYC1:GID1B; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-963606, EBI-963686; Q940G6:GID1C; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-963606, EBI-963794; Q9STX3:GID2; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-963606, EBI-619033;
Subcellular Location: Nucleus.
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed in rosette leaves, roots, stems and inflorescences of greenhouse grown.
PTM: Phosphorylated (By similarity).
PTM: May be ubiquitinated, as suggested by its interaction with GID2. Ubiquitination is however unsure since in contrast to other DELLA proteins, it is not ubiquitinated and degraded upon GA application. Nevertheless, ubiquitination may be triggered by other processes.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GRAS family. DELLA subfamily.
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|
| Map of ordered and disordered regions |
Note: 'Mouse' over a region to see the start and stop residues. Click on a region to see detailed information.
|
| Region 1 | | Type: | Disordered | | Name: | DELLA domain | | Location: | 11 - 113 | | Length: | 103 | | Region sequence: |
QDKKTMMMNEEDDGNGMDELLAVLGYKVRSSEMADVAQKLEQLEVMMSNVQEDDLSQLAT
ETVHYNPAELYTWLDSMLTDLNPPSSNAEYDLKAIPGDAILNQ | | Modification type: | Complex
Fragment
| | PDB: | 2ZHI:B, 2ZSH:B | | Structural/functional type: | Function arises via a disorder to order transition
| | Functional classes: | Molecular recognition effectors
| | Functional subclasses: | Transactivation (transcriptional activation)
Protein-protein binding
| Detection methods:
- X-ray crystallography (293 K; pH: 8; DTT 1 mM; GA3 or GA4 0.1 mM; GAI fragment (DELLA domain); GID1A; LiCl2 0.8 M; PEG 4000 26 %; Tris-HCl 0.1 M)
- Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, far-UV (293 K; pH: 8; --at temperatures (293K, 310K, 323K, 343K); DTT 1 mM; GAI (DELLA domain) 3 ug/mL; NaCl 150 mM; Tris-HCL 20 mM)
| References:
- Murase K, Hirano Y, Sun TP, Hakoshima T. "Gibberellin-induced DELLA recognition by the gibberellin receptor GID1." Nature. 2008; 456(7221): 459-63. PubMed: 19037309
| Comments:According to Murase et al (2008), "the helix bundle of the DELLA domain may be induced by GID1A binding. Indeed, our circular dichroism spectra suggest a random-coil conformation of the isolated DELLA domain."
PDB structure 2ZSH is a complex of Gibberellin receptor GID1A (DP00723), GA3 (Gibberellic Acid) and the DELLA domain of DELLA protein GAI (DP00724). PDB structure 2ZSI is a complex of Gibberellin receptor GID1A (DP00723), GA4 and the DELLA domain of DELLA protein GAI (DP00724).
Murase et al (2008) state the following, "Application of GA3 to Arabidopsis showed that it is an active GA, although it does not seem to be an endogenous hormone in this plant. GA4 is the major bioactive GA in Arabidopsis." However, "the bound GA3 superimposes onto GA4 with a small root mean squared deviation."
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| References |
- Murase K, Hirano Y, Sun TP, Hakoshima T. "Gibberellin-induced DELLA recognition by the gibberellin receptor GID1." Nature. 2008; 456(7221): 459-63. PubMed: 19037309
- Sun X, Jones WT, Rikkerink EH. "GRAS proteins: the versatile roles of intrinsically disordered proteins in plant signalling." Biochem. J.. 2012; 442(1): 1-12. PubMed: 22280012
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| Comments |
AV sent 6-21-2012 (PMID:19037309)
[AV received 6/25/12]
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